Warp Knitting

Warp knitting is made on flat bed machines and the parallel lines of yarns are arranged like a woven fabric. Each yarn is controlled by a separate needle which loops it onto itself. The yarns are connected to the next vertical row by moving back and forth from side by side directed by metal guides.

The following are the major constructions produced by the warp knitting method:

Tricot:

Generally “tricot” refers to all warp knitting fabrics. Specifically it applies to fabric with plain jersey stitch produced on the tricot machine and is characterized by fine vertical wales on the face and crosswise under laps on the back. The fabric may be called tricot jersey and may be distinguished as one, two, or three-bar tricot according to the kinds of guide bars that control the fabric in the making.

Characteristics:

• high elasticity in the crosswise direction,
• good dimensional stability,
• high water and air permeability,
• high tear strength,
• no tendency to ravel,
• soft in handle,
• food wrinkle resistance.

End Uses: Lingerie, blouse, shirts, dresses, outwear.

Raschel:

The raschel machine has the ability to stitch and lay-in yarns through the use of multiple guide bars. By using selected machines and special attachments, it can produce lacy, open-work fabrics of great variety and can make them either stable or elastic, as required.

Characteristics:

• good abrasion resistance,
• no tendency to ravel,
• good dimension stability,
• good shrink resistance.

End Uses: Sheer laces, nets, draperies carpets, jackets, trousers, pantyhose.

Milanese

This machine produces a fabric made with two set of yarns knitted opposite to each other in a diagonal formation. The face of the fabric has a very fine rib with a diagonal structure on the back. The fabric is run-proof intended mainly for gloves and lingerie.

Weft Knitting

The largest proportions of knitted fabrics used today are weft knits. Weft knitting is made on either flat or circular machines. Four basic types of stitches used in weft knitting are described below:

Plain or Jersey Stitch:

This is made on both flat and circular machines. Since the loops are formed in one direction only, the two sides of the fabric have a different appearance. One popular variation is single jersey.

Rib stitch:

A rib fabric is characterized by lengthwise ribs formed by wales alternating from face to back. It is known as 1 x 1 rib. If every two wales alternate it is called a 2 x 2 rib. One of the variations of this construction for outerwear is called double jersey. The 1 x 1 rib is the simplest rib fabric in which the structure includes alternate wale of plain ad reversed plain stitches.

Purl stitch:

The machine produces fancy knit fabrics with interloping stitches in which they reverse and the face of a plain knit in alternate courses. The fabric is same on the both sides.

Interlock:

The two jersey constructions are interlocked, both sides look like single jersey.

Jacquard Knitting:

Both weft knitting and warp knitting can incorporate the Jacquard mechanism to produce multicolored designs. The punched card technique used in weaving is also adapted to knitting. Another technique is electronic or electro-magnetic devices to control individual needles. A third means is the use of a strip of film encoded in a boxed fashion. The film is divided into successive opaque and transparent squares that act similarly to the holes as the jacquard card or paper tape. A lens directs light through the moving film to photo transistor to select the particular needle for each stitch. Jacquard knits are made on flat bed or circular knitting machines.

That’s all for today. Hope this post will help you learn something more about warp knitting, weft knitting and jacquard knitting.

Different kinds and types of cotton are grown in different parts of the world. Cotton fibres vary from one to another because of growth conditions including such factors as climate, fertilizers, soil and pests. The quality of cotton fibre mainly depends on its color, staple, fineness and strength.

The particular kind of cotton is often identified by the name geographical area or country where it is produced. Though many species of cotton are grown commercially, they may be conveniently divided into the following three types of cotton:

Upland Cotton:

These types of cotton fibres are fairly white, strong and dull and range in staple length from 22-32mm. the Upland cottons are usually categorized as short-staple, medium-staple and long-staple. The short staple are less than 25 mm and are produced in Oklahoma and Central and West Texas. The medium-staple cottons are of 25-28 mm in length and are produced in the Southeast, the Mississippi Valley and the low Valley of Arizona and California.

Pima (Supima) Cotton:

Pima cotton fibre is fine, strong, lustrous, silky and creamy-brown-white in color. This fibre has the staple length from 25-28 mm. Pima fibre is used primarily for sewing thread and also used in high quality broad cloth and other fabrics where silky smoothness, softness and luster are desired.

Egyptian Cotton:

Egyptian cotton fibres are light brown, fine strong and 32-38 mm in length. They are used in the same application as American Pima cotton.

In addition to the above types, cotton can also be classified under the following three sections:

Type-1:

This type of cotton fibres have staple lengths (i.e. average fibre length) varying from 25 to 60mm. it includes high quality fine cottons such as the Egyptians, Sudanese and Sea island varieties.

Type-2:

This type are coarser species which form the bulk of the world crop with shorter lengths (about 13-33 mm) such as American Upland cotton.

Type-3:

This types of cotton fibres are of still shorter staple length (about 9-25 mm) commonly produced in various Asian countries.

I expect the aforementioned discussion will help you better understand about the types of cotton fibres. If you have any question or suggestion, you can give us your feedback through commenting bellow.

1. Plain stitch
2. Purl stitch
3. Tuck stitch and
4. Miss stitch

These four stitches or combination of them, appearing in the same fabric, form the basis of all kinds of knitted fabrics. In this post, I will focus on these four types of knitting stitches.

Plain Stitch:

The plain stitch is the basic knitting stitch. It is also called the knit stitch. This stitch can be produced in circular of flat-knit form. This stitch is also the basis of the fabric called jersey because its construction is similar to that of turtleneck sweaters that were worn by English sailors from the island of Jersey. .

Purl Stitch:

It is a slower and more costly technique. The purl stitch is actually the reverse of the plain or knit stitch. This stitch makes the fabric look same from both sides. The back of the jersey knit fabric is a purl stitch configuration. This stitch is sometimes called as the reverse knit stitch or the links-and-links stitch.

Tuck Stitch:

The third types of knitting stitches is tuck stitch which is formed when a knitting needle holds the old loop and then receives a new yarn. Two loops will then collect in the needle hook. The action may be repeated several more times but the yarns eventually will have to be cast off the needle and knitted. The resultant stitch is actually an elongated wale. Tuck stitches appear on the back of a fabric, and may be recognized as an inverted “V”. Sometimes elongated for two or more courses, depending on how many times the stitch was tucked. The tuck stitch is used in knitted fabrics to create design effects in color, raised surface texture or a hole. The tuck stitch also has a tendency to increase fabric weight, width and thickness.

Miss Stitch:

A miss stitch is created when one or more knitting needles are deactivated and do not move into a position to accept a yarn. The yarn merely passes by and no stitch is formed. Since the unknit yarn passes or floats on the back of the fabric, it is sometimes called a float-stitch. A miss stitch can be recognized by the floating unknit yarn on the back of the fabric. The stitch is used to create color and fabric designs in the knitted fabric.

Although there are some other forms of knitting stitches, but these are the basic and most common types of knitting stitches.

Today I will share a list of government approved public and private textile engineering colleges/universities of Bangladesh.

List of Public Textile Engineering Colleges/Universities:

Bangladesh University of Textiles
92, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani,  Tejgaon, Dhaka-1208, Bangladesh
Phone: +88 02 9850395, +88 01731-340823, +88 01912-682404
Website: http://butex.edu.bd

Shahid Abdur Rab Serniabat Textile Engineering College
Established: 2010
Location: Barisal
Website: http://www.arstecb.com

Bangabandhu Textile Engineering College
Established: 2007
Location: Tangail
Phone: +88 0923-373176
Website: http://titangail.gov.bd

Begumgonj Textile Engineering College
Location: Noakhali
Phone:   +88 0321-51758, +88 01724-752452
Website:  http://btec.jimdo.com

Chittagong Textile Engineering College
Location: Mirsarai, Chittagong
Website: http://www.ctec.gov.bd/

Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University
Location: Santosh, Tangail
Phone: +880921 51899, Fax: +880921 51900
Website: http://mbstu.ac.bd

Pabna Textile Engineering College
Location: Shalgaria, Pabna
Website: http://www.pabtec.gov.bd/

Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology
Location: Gazipur
Phone: +88-02-9204703, +88 01711431015
Website: http://www.duet.ac.bd

List of Private Textile Engineering Colleges/ Universities:

University of South Asia
House No # 76-78, Road No # 14, Block # B,  Banani , Dhaka-1213
Phone:  +88-02-8857073-5, Fax: +88-02-8313308
Website: http://www.unisa.ac.bd/

Ahsanullah University of Science & Technology
141 & 142, Love Road, Tejgaon Industrial Area, Dhaka-1208
Phone: +88 02 8870422, Ext. 107, 114
Website: http://www.aust.edu/

Daffodil International University
102, Shukrabad, Mirpur Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1207
Phone: +88 9138234-5, +88 9116774
Website: http://www.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd/

Primeasia University
Website: http://test.primeasia.edu.bd/

South East University
House# 64, Road# 18, Block# B, Banani, Dhaka
Phone: 880-2-9840456, 880-2-9840457, 880-2-9882340
Website: http://www.seu.ac.bd/

Victoria University of Bangladesh
69/K Panthapath, Dhaka 1205
Phone: +88 8622634. +88 01841-000005
Website: http://www.vub.edu.bd

Green University of Bangladesh
220/D, Begum Rokeya Sarani, Dhaka -1207
Phone: +88 9014725, +88 8031031
Website: http://green.edu.bd

City University
40, Kemal Ataturk Avenue, Banani, Dhaka-1213
Phone: +88 989 3983, +88 986 1543
Website: http://www.cityuniversity.edu.bd

World University of Bangladesh (WUB)
Dhanmondi Unit-1 House-20, Road-7,A.R.A Center, Dhaka-1205
Phone: +88 8144631-2, +88 9667435-6, +88 8155308
Website: http://www.wub.edu.bd

The People’s University of Bangladesh
Phone: +88 9127807
Website:  http://www.pub.ac.bd

European University of Bangladesh
Phone: +88 653061, +88 01685-333000
Website: http://www.eub.edu.bd

Bangladesh University of Business & Technology (BUBT)
Plot # 77-78 Road # 9 Rupnagar Mirpur-2, Dhaka-1216
Phone: +88 8057581-2, +88 9015397
Website: http://www.bubt.edu.bd

BGMEA Institute of Fashion & Technology
105 S.R.Tower,Uttara Commercial Area,Sector-7,Uttara,Dhaka-1230
Phone: +88 8919986, +88 8950535
Website:  http://bift.info

National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT)
GP JA-146, Wireless Gate, Mohakhali,Dhaka
Phone: +88 8831304,+88 8831305
Website: http://www.nift.edu.bd

Atish Dipankar University of Science & Technology
Website: http://www.atishdipankaruniversity.edu.bd

Northern University Bangladesh
Website: http://www.nub.ac.bd

National Institute of Textile Training Research & Design
Nayarhat, Savar, Dhaka – 1350
Phone: +88 01755-060275
Website : http://www.niter.edu.bd

Raffles Design Institute – Dhaka
Saimon Centre,House-4/ARoad-22,Gulshan Commercial Area,Dhaka-1205
Website: http://www.raffles-design-institute.com.bd

Today I am going to share some very popular technical textile books. You can download these books very easily from here and of course absolutely free.

Fabric Testing: Textile industry has become much more competitive than before. To survive in this competitive environment, product quality must be ensured. Besides, differentiation is also needed. To do this, various testing have to be performed to improve the quality and to ensure that the manufactured items are in compliance to the international and retailer specific standards. The book Fabric Testing by Jinlian Hu provides a detailed outline of various tests available for fabrics. The scope, testing and statistical analysis of fabric testing have been elaborately discussed in this book.

Handbook of Technical Textiles: All the principal aspects of fabric structures and manufacturing processes have been included in this book. This book also focuses on manufacturing, processing and applications of high-technology textiles. The “Handbook of Technical Textile” book has been particularly designed for producers of woven, yarn and fibre manufacturers, textile designers, textile finishers and also for academicians and textile students.

Military Textiles: Textiles for military uniforms must provide resistance, comfort and durability in case of hostile environments. “Military Textiles” by Eugene Wilusz is a classical book for designing the uniform of military or defense forces. This book incorporates findings of many recent researches on what military clothing is the best fitted to soldier’s needs. This technical textile book covers from general military textiles requirements to military fabrics for flame protection and so on.

Nonwoven Fabrics:  “Nonwoven fabrics” book provides a detailed overview about nonwovens, from raw material fibres to ready-made and finished products. This book also includes a review of nonwoven characteristics and the sectors of its applications.

Smart Fibers, Fabrics and Clothing: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals and latest developments in smart technology for clothing. It also covers the material science and fibre science aspects of modern technology.

I think all these technical textile books will meet your demands. Please keep visiting our site for knowing any latest updates in textiles and sharing your thoughts with us through commenting bellow.

New Millennium Fibers: The present condition and the potential future of fibers have been elaborately discussed in the “New Millennium Fibers” book.  In addition, the origin and the future application of high performance fibers and carbon fibers have been explained here.

Textile Reference Book for Man Made Fibers: Another exclusive book for attaining in depth knowledge about textile fibers.  This book has focused on the main types of man-made fibers, both artificial and synthetic.

High Performance Fibres: This book elaborately explains how high performance fibers are designed and manufactured. This book also looks at the capabilities and applications of high performance fibers.

Chemical Technology of Textile Fibers:  It is one of the most mentionable textile fibers books. It covers the origin, structure, preparation, washing, bleaching, dyeing, printing and dressing of textile fibers.

Fiber Bragg Gratings: This book by Raman Kashyap provides a detailed view of Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) from the fundamentals to its applications. Moreover, the positive and negative sides of different FBG methods are also outlines here.

Bast and Other Plant Fibres: “Bast and Other Plant Fibres” by Robert R. Franck outlines the importance and necessity of using natural fibers. This book has shown many application of bast fibers in textile.

Physical Properties of Textile Fibres:  This book has been particularly written for textile academicians, technologists, fiber scientists and textile engineers. This book provides an overview of fibre structures.

Smart Fibres, Fabrics and Clothing:  This book gives an insight into the latest developments in smart technologies for clothing and textiles.

That’s all for today.  I am sure that the aforementioned textile fibers books will help you get in depth knowledge about textile fibers.  Please share your thoughts about what type of books you want from us through commenting below.

Just after the 1941, Pakistan started to rich their textile sector and also though to enrichment of their textile education sector to produce skilled textile apparel engineers who can handle the huge Textiles Manufacturing arena of Pakistan.

Here is a list of famous and government approved colleges and universities of Pakistan:

1.  National Textile University. Address: Address: D Ground Rd, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Website Address: www.ntu.edu.pk
2. AL-KHAIR NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TEXTILE,171 B, GULISTAN COLNY   041-786698
3. FAISALABAD TEXTILE COLLEGE,684 – REHMAN PURA OPPOSITE POLICE STATION, SARGODHA ROAD.
4. GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY,SAMANABAD
5.   NATIONAL COLLEGE OF TEXTILE,GULISTAN COLONY, SHEIKHUPURA ROAD
6. OXFORD TEXTILE & COMPUTER COLLEGE,BAND CHOWK SAMANABAD
7. Al-Khair Textile Institute, Faisalabad

In all the Textile Colleges, Universities and Institutes; most of the general textile lessons are being taught and some of these focused on Textile Dyeing, Textile Fabrics, Weaving, Apparel and Garments and textile finishing.

Most of the universities are providing under-graduate degree on textiles and very few are offering Masters in Textiles in Pakistan.

Basic Qualification for students to get admitted on these Textile Colleges:

• If anyone wants to get themselves admitted in any Diploma in Textile providing institutes; they must have to have a Secondary School Certificate with a good GPA.
• You should have higher grades of A or A + in order to get yourself admitted in any Textile University or Degree college for having a bachelor degree in Textiles.
• You would have to face a written examination and if you are enlisted; then you can go for admission.
• You have to apply for admission by collecting form from the respective colleges or universities.

Subjects That You Should Have in Major:

• Mathematics.
• Physics
• Chemistry

Possible Documents You Should Have to get yourself admitted on these textile institutes in Pakistan:

• Photographs.
• Result documents of all previous major examinations.
• Mark Sheet for all subjects.
• Birth Certificate.
• Certificates from your local union or member of union.

There are some Vocational Textile Institute also available in Pakistan and you can get yourself admitted on these schools by passing only class eight.

So guys, be a BSC in Textile Engineer and start contributing on this huge sector to develop your country. Best luck.

Usually, the whole textile manufacturing process is divided by four segment. These are:

1. Yarn Manufacturing or Spinning.
2. Fabric Manufacturing or Weaving.
3. Dyeing, Printing & Finishing
4. Garments Manufacturing or Clothing.

Here, I am going through each manufacturing process step by step so that you can get the idea of each sequences easily.

Yarn Spinning Manufacturing Process Sequence

Blowroom: Where different types of quality cotton is mixed up by a blower.

Carding: All the dust and darts are being removed from the Cotton in this stage.

Drawing: Cotton is polished and formed to a sliver.

Combing: More dirts and dusts are removed by combing process.

Roving: Cotton Lap is formed slightly to the yarn.

Simplex/Yarn Manufacturing: Eventually the roved yarn is turned into a complete yarn on this stage.

Fabric or Weaving Manufacturing Process

Yarn Selection: Select the right yarn from the Yarn Manufacturing section.

Doubling and Twisting: Mixing up the yarn with one of low quality to high quality so that it reduces the cost.

Winding: Building up to a form so that it can be taken to next step of processing easily.

Creeling: Setting up the Winded form yarn to stake by stake so that each yarns can be drawn individually.

Warping: Winding the yarn into a beam.

Sizing: A process to apply sizes on the yarn so that it seems strong to protect the breakage while looming.

Beaming: Winding the sized yarn over the Warp beam which will be taken to the loom.

Dyeing, Printing and Finishing Processing in Textiles

Gray Cloth Inspection: Inspecting the right cloth for dyeing and further processing.

Stitching: Stitching one cloth with another cloth for a continuous dying process.

Cropping: Cropping the fabric for suiting with machineries.

Brushing: To remove the protruding fiber from over the cloth this process is started.

Singeing: Applying another precise method to cut over the small and protruding fibers.

Desizing: Removing sizes from the clothes, so that it can be dyed or printed easily.

Scouring: Removing gums and natural oils from the textile fabrics.

Bleaching: In the process, each of the fabrics are bleached to gain the natural white color.

Washing: Washing the process fabrics by detergents and cold waters then.

Drying: After washing; it is mandatory to dry these fabric for better dyeing operations.

Mercerizing: Applying hot iron over the cloth so it stays in form always.

Printing: Printing the fabrics according to the pre-defined designs of printers with selective colors.

Dyeing: Applying Dyes and desired color schemes over the cloth.

After-Treatment: Applying some chemicals to protect the fabric from worm, bacteria.

Process Flowchart of Garments Manufacturing or Clothing Sequence

Designing & Sketching the fabrics.

Designing the Patterns of the fabrics.

Making samples once before bulk production.

Grading the fabrics for further pick up advantages.

Marker Making: Making dummies for the precise production of textiles.

Spreading: Processing the fabrics over a table to cut it according to the designs.

Cutting the fabrics.

Sorting and Bundling: After sorting these fabrics; it will be bundled to a specific sizes.

Sewing and Assembling: Sewing is required to add all the separate cut clothes into a wear-able products.

Inspection: In this section all the faulty textile fabrics or cloths are found out and then sort it.

Packing and Despatch: After the final inspection; all the clothing are being packed in a particular size of bages and then sent to dispatch section for market it.

This is the whole Textile Manufacturing process and each textile industry of this world follow this exact same flowchart and process sequence to make every cloth we wear.

These books are free and have been collected from various sources of Internet. So feel free to share and let others learn from you.

Textile & Clothing Industry of India: If you want to know the details of present Textiles and Clothing Industry of India; then you must have to read this book. This book contains all the detailed statistics of the present circumstances of the industry, the product, the economical updowns by textiles and what the opportunities or troubles for the Textile industry owners of India; so that you can get a clear idea about whether you should start a new textile clothing factories in india or not. Click Here To Download.

Textile Dyes and Dyeing Equipments: This PDF Book of Textile Dyes and Dyeing Equipment is for all the Textile learners who are interested to know what is Textile Dyes and how the various dyeing equipments are being used in traditional textile factory. In this textile book; the clear conceptions of different dyestuffs, dye origins, color schemes and coloration process and using of dyeing tools, dyeing machineries and accessories have been covered. Click Here To Download

Trade in Textiles and Clothing: In this Clothing Book; the author described what are the problems when the new entrepreneurs plans to start their very first textile clothing or apparel business. This book owner shared his own experiences of how he started his trades in Textiles, how he profited, how he lose and what are the obstacles a typical textile businessman faces along with different pictures, statistics and news. Click To Download

Textile Industry of Pakistan: The geometrical condition of Asian countries almost similar and that is why the present scenario of textile industry of Pakistan is similar to Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri-Lanka. To know the deep deeper of Pakistan’s Textile Clothing and Apparel Industry; just download this book and know the details at a glance. Download It Here

Installation & Maintenance Guide of Textiles: In order to set up a full textile industry; every Textile Engineer and Factory owner should have proper knowledge on how to install the textile machineries and how to maintenance these regularly. This book has lots of lessons on these and anyone can get a clear idea on textile factory and machine installations along with further maintenance guide. Click To Download

I have published a post yesterday about top ten textile ebooks; and as a serious post I am publishing this today. And this will be continued….so stay tuned with us.

Some of students buy books and some other downloads the book from internet if these are free. Today, I am going to share some Textile Books which are FREE and easy to download as direct downloadable link has been shared.

Here you go:

1.  Nano-Fiber and Nano-Technology of Textiles:

This Book was firstly written by various Textile Experts from various textile oriented country of this world. Advanced and Nano technological schemes and features have been revealed in this book. The nano fiber facts have been clearly described in this book.

2.  Principals of Textile Coloration :

This book is written by Arthur D. Broadbent. In this book the whole coloration and dyeing process of Textiles has been clearly described. A beginner textile engineer can adopt each of the lessons of this book without going to tricky advanced flowchart. This ebook is highly recommended to every Textile Dyestuffs and Coloration enthusiasts.

3.  Handbook of Textile Design :

This book is written by CRC. The principals, process and basic practices of Textile Design have been featured on this book. These days, Textile Design is a fact of art and every Textile Engineers should know how the design works, which design works best with which cloth, which dye should be used in designing or which threads are generally be used to design any particular textile fabric. And everything has been covered in this awesome textile design book.

4. Intelligent Textiles and Clothing:

This Textile Book is written by Author: H. R. Mattila from India. In this textile book, how to make a cloth using the traditional textile equipments and raw materials and some other basic principles of clothing have been covered. In addition, how the clothes can be marketed and how to refine a cloth targeting to the elite customers from USA or UK have been well described too.

5. Chemical Finishing of Textiles:

This awesome ebook is written by Wolfgang D. Schindler Peter J. Hauser. In order to finish a textiles; that should be properly treated by various chemicals. And Peter and Wolfgang showed their mastery in this book by narrating everything as easily as they could so that everyone can get understand the whole process of chemical implementation on textile easily. This is probably one of the mostly downloaded textile related book ever.

6. Extreme Textiles :

Designing for High Performance : This Book covers all the future textile products and drew a clear image of how the Textile product will be made in future. The vast usage of Textiles in medicine, agro and furnishing sector has been covered. This textile book also covered the extreme usages of textiles in home, office, medicines, hospitals and party clubs.

I am coming up with lots of useful textile ebooks soon. Just keep visiting this site and let me know by comments below that what type of book you want from us.